Which document established rights against unlawful imprisonment?

The document that established rights against unlawful imprisonment is the Magna Carta. Signed in 1215, the Magna Carta is significant because it introduced the principle that no person should be held in prison without a fair trial, which is a precursor to modern legal protections against arbitrary detention. This foundational document influenced the development of legal systems around the world, including the principles of due process and the rule of law that are integral to contemporary legal frameworks.

While other documents like the Bill of Rights and the Constitution also include provisions related to individual rights, the Magna Carta specifically addresses the issue of unlawful imprisonment at its inception, making it the correct reference for establishing such rights historically. The Declaration of Independence, on the other hand, mainly articulates the principles of freedom and governance but does not address judicial rights directly.