Which amendment in the U.S. Constitution addresses the right to privacy?

The right to privacy is most directly addressed by the 4th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures. The framers of the Constitution recognized the importance of personal privacy and security in one's home and possessions, and the 4th Amendment reflects this concern. It establishes a barrier against government intrusion and requires law enforcement to obtain a warrant based on probable cause before conducting searches.

While the right to privacy has also been interpreted in relation to other amendments, such as the 1st Amendment (which protects free speech and religion) and the 5th Amendment (which includes protections against self-incrimination), the 4th Amendment is fundamentally focused on privacy issues within the context of personal security against government actions. The 10th Amendment, which reserves powers not granted to the federal government to the states or the people, does not pertain to the concept of privacy in the same direct manner. Therefore, the 4th Amendment is the cornerstone for discussing rights related to privacy in the context of law enforcement and government actions.